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Carbolic acid poisoning
     
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Carbolic acid poisoning

Phenol poisoning; Phenylic acid poisoning; Hydroxybenzene poisoning; Phenic acid poisoning; Benzenol poisoning

 

Carbolic acid is a sweet-smelling clear liquid. It is added to many different products. Carbolic acid poisoning occurs when someone touches or swallows this chemical.

This article is for information only. DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. If you or someone you are with has an exposure, call the local emergency number (such as 911), or the local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States.

Poisonous Ingredient

 

Phenol is the harmful substance in carbolic acid.

 

Where Found

 

Carbolic acid can be found in:

  • Adhesive dyes
  • Lubricating oils
  • Perfumes
  • Textiles
  • Various antiseptics
  • Various disinfectants
  • Various germicides

Other products may also contain carbolic acid.

 

Symptoms

 

Below are symptoms of carbolic acid poisoning in different parts of the body.

BLADDER AND KIDNEYS

  • Blue- or green-colored urine
  • Decreased urine output
  • No urine output

EYES, EARS, NOSE, MOUTH, AND THROAT

  • Severe burns in the mouth and food pipe (esophagus)
  • Yellow eyes (jaundice)

STOMACH AND INTESTINES

  • Abdominal (stomach) pain - severe
  • Bloody stools
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea and vomiting - possibly bloody

HEART AND BLOOD

  • Low blood pressure (shock)
  • Rapid heart rate

LUNGS AND AIRWAYS

  • Deep, rapid breathing
  • Wheezing
  • Trouble breathing (may be life threatening if inhaled)

NERVOUS SYSTEM

  • Coma (decreased level of consciousness and lack of responsiveness)
  • Seizures (convulsions)
  • Hyperactivity
  • Lack of alertness (stupor)

SKIN

  • Blue lips and fingernails (cyanosis)
  • Burns
  • Yellow skin (jaundice)

WHOLE BODY

  • Excessive thirst
  • Heavy sweating

 

Home Care

 

Get medical help right away. Do not make the person throw up unless poison control or a health care provider tells you to.

If the person swallowed the carbolic acid, give them water or milk right away, if poison control or a provider tells you to.

Do not give anything to drink if the person has symptoms that make it hard to swallow. These include vomiting, convulsions, or a decreased level of alertness.

If the chemical is on the skin or in the eyes, flush with lots of water for at least 15 minutes.

 

Before Calling Emergency

 

Have this information ready:

  • Person's age, weight, and condition
  • Name of product (and ingredients and strength, if known)
  • Time it was swallowed
  • Amount swallowed

 

Poison Control

 

The local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.

This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

You can also get online poison help now at Poisonhelp.org. Just enter the product, poison, or medicine to get expert help.

 

What to Expect at the Emergency Room

 

Take the container to the hospital with you, if possible.

The provider will measure and monitor the person's vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure.

Tests that may be done include:

  • Blood and urine tests
  • Bronchoscopy -- camera placed down the throat to see burns in the airways and lungs
  • Chest x-ray
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  • Endoscopy -- camera placed down the throat to check for burns in the esophagus and stomach

Treatment may include:

  • Breathing support, including tube through the mouth into the lungs and connected to a breathing machine (ventilator)
  • Fluids through a vein (by IV)
  • Laxatives
  • Medicine to treat the effects of the poison and other symptoms such as pain and skin irritation
  • Washing of the skin (irrigation), every few hours or for several days

 

Outlook (Prognosis)

 

How well someone does depends on how much carbolic acid was swallowed and how quickly treatment is received. The faster medical help is given, the better the chance for recovery.

Damage continues to occur to the esophagus and stomach for several weeks after the poison was swallowed. Death may occur as long as a month later.

 

 

Open References

References

Aronson JK. Phenols. In: Aronson JK, ed. Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016:688-692.

Levine MD. Chemical injuries. In: Walls RM, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 55.

Meehan TJ. Care of the poisoned patient. In: Walls RM, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 135.

Nelson LS, Calello DP. Acute poisoning. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 96.

Theobald JL, Corcoran JN. Poisoning. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, et al, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 94.

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        A Closer Look

         

          Talking to your MD

           

            Self Care

             

              Tests for Carbolic acid poisoning

               
                 

                Review Date: 10/14/2025

                Reviewed By: Jesse Borke, MD, CPE, FAAEM, FACEP, Attending Physician at Kaiser Permanente, Orange County, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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