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High blood sugar - self-care

Hyperglycemia - self care; High blood glucose - self care; Diabetes - high blood sugar

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High blood sugar is also called high blood glucose, or hyperglycemia.

High blood sugar almost always happens in people who have diabetes. High blood sugar occurs when:

• Your body makes too little insulin.
• Your body does not respond to the signal insulin is sending.

Insulin is a hormone that helps the body move glucose (sugar) from the blood into muscle or fat, where it is stored for later use when energy is needed.

Sometimes high blood sugar occurs due to stress from surgery, infection, trauma, or medicines. After the stress is over, blood sugar returns to normal.

Symptoms of High Blood Sugar

Symptoms of a high blood sugar can include:

• Being very thirsty or having a dry mouth
• Having blurry vision
• Having dry skin
• Feeling weak or tired
• Needing to urinate a lot, or needing to get up more often than usual at night to urinate

You may have other, more serious symptoms if your blood sugar becomes very high or remains high for a long time. Over time, high blood sugar weakens your immune system and makes it more likely for you to get infections.

What to Think About When Your Blood Sugar is High

High blood sugar can harm you. If your blood sugar is high, you need to know how to bring it down. If you have diabetes, here are some questions to ask yourself when your blood sugar is high:

• Are you eating right?
• Are you eating too much?
• Have you been following your diabetes meal plan?
• Did you have a meal or a snack with a lot of carbohydrates, starches, or simple sugars?

Are you taking your diabetes medicines correctly?

• Has your health care provider changed your medicines?
• If you take insulin, have you been taking the correct dose? Is the insulin expired? Or has it been stored in a hot or cold place?
• Are you afraid of having low blood sugar? Is that causing you to eat too much or take too little insulin or other diabetes medicine?
• Have you injected insulin into a scar or an overused area? Have you been rotating sites? Was the injection into a lump or numb spot under the skin?

What else has changed?

• Have you been less active than usual?
• Do you have a fever, cold, flu, or another illness?
• Are you dehydrated?
• Have you had some stress?
• Have you been checking your blood sugar regularly?
• Have you gained weight?
• Have you started taking any new medicines such as for high blood pressure or other medical problems?
• Have you had an injection into a joint or other area with a glucocorticoid medicine?

Preventing High Blood Sugar

To prevent high blood sugar, you will need to:

• Follow your meal plan
• Stay physically active
• Take your diabetes medicines as instructed

You and your provider will:

• Set a target goal for your blood sugar levels for different times during the day. This helps you manage your blood sugar.
• Decide how often you need to check your blood sugar at home.

If you have type 2 diabetes and your blood sugar is higher than your goals over 3 days and you don't know why, check your urine for ketones. If you have ketones, contact your provider or seek emergency medical care.

If you have type 1 diabetes and your blood sugar is higher than your goals over 6 hours and you don't know why, check your urine for ketones. If you have ketones, contact your provider or seek emergency medical care.

When to Call the Doctor

Contact your provider if your blood sugar is too high or too low and you do not understand why. When your blood sugar is in your target range, you will feel better and your health will be better.

References

Ahmann AJ, Riddle MC. Therapeutics of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Rosen CJ, Kopp PA, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 34.

American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 5. Facilitating positive health behaviors and well-being to improve health outcomes: standards of care in diabetes-2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Supplement_1):S89-S131. PMID: 41358898 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41358898/.

American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 6. Glycemic goals, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemic crises: standards of care in diabetes-2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Supplement_1):S132-S149. PMID: 41358894 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41358894/.

Dhatariya KK, Umpierrez GE, Crandall JP. Diabetes. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 210.

Gillard P, Atkinson MA, Mathieu C. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. In: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Rosen CJ, Kopp PA, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 35.

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website. Healthy living with diabetes. www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/healthy-living-with-diabetes. Reviewed October 2023. Accessed March 3, 2026.

Review Date: 1/25/2026  

Reviewed By: Sandeep K. Dhaliwal, MD, board-certified in Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Springfield, VA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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